Table 1

Potential methods to optimise infrastructure to reduce the number and severity of casualties from explosive events in the civilian setting

ConceptPotential optimisation
Building design

  • Reduce propagation of blast wave.

  • Barriers to prevent the flight of energised fragments.

Population at risk

  • Reduce population density.

Emergency responders

  • Time from venue to major trauma centre, for example, distance and modality (ground or helicopter).

  • Available resources, for example, number and types of clinicians, and prehospital resources.