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Schistosomiasis is a public health burden in developing and resource-poor regions of the world, especially in agricultural and rural areas. Worldwide, schistosomiasis has a tremendous health burden, with an estimated 251 million people treated in 2021 alone.1 Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode worms (blood flukes), which penetrate the skin of their host in contaminated freshwater. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, haematochezia and haematuria. Schistosomiasis was once endemic in Japan, but after an extensive and effective eradication programme aimed primarily at the intermediate host—(Oncomelania, a freshwater snail), no locally acquired cases have been reported in Japan since 1977.2
A 20–25 years old man, U.S. Servicemember from the …
Footnotes
Contributors All authors equally conceived the idea of the study and developed the statistical analysis plan and conducted statistical analyses. YI drafted the original manuscript. SH supervised the conduct of this study. All authors reviewed the manuscript draft and revised it critically on intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.